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Novedades en la www A través de esta web podrás estar informado de todas las novedades en la www en relación con las Enfermedades Infecciosas y la Microbiología Clínica.
Roundworms of the genus Ascaris are common parasites of the human gastrointestinal tract. A battery of selective inhibitors protects them from host enzymes and the immune system. Here, a metallocarboxypeptidase (MCP) inhibitor, ACI, was identified in protein extracts from Ascaris by intensity-fading MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Objective: To determine whether a national educational program based on the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines affected processes of care and hospital mortality for severe sepsis. El Grupo Español de Micobacteriología (GEM) ha llevado a cabo un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo
y retrospectivo para intentar conocer el nivel de resistencias a fármacos de primera línea en cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en España.
Recogiendo datos de un total de 1.083 cepas aisladas entre octubre y noviembre de 2006 en 120 laboratorios de microbiología españoles.
Se obtuvo una tasa de resistencia primaria del 8,3 y del 4,9% para isoniacida (INH). La probabilidad de padecer una tuberculosis resistente fue mayor en la población
inmigrante, con una tasa de resistencia del 12%.
Artemisinins administered as rectal suppositories, particularly artesunate as a single high dose, reduce malaria parasite load within 24 hours without serious adverse effects,
offering an alternative to intravenous quinine therapy in remote areas where trained personnel are scarce.
Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease leads to abnormalities in all major lymphocyte populations, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. However, little is known regarding the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART)–induced decrease in HIV viremia on B cell numbers and subpopulations
A longitudinal study to evaluate changes in B cell numbers and subpopulations that occur during the course of 12 months of effective ART in a group of individuals with chronic HIV infection.
Conclusions. Normalization of B cell counts and subpopulations may help to explain the improvement in humoral immunity reported to occur after an ART-induced decrease in HIV viremia.
Prior attempts to reduce the number of drugs needed to maintain viral suppression in patients with suppressed HIV replication while receiving three antiretroviral drugs have been unsuccessful.. Conclusions: In this trial, 48 weeks of lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy with reintroduction of nucleosides as needed was non-inferior to continuation of two nucleosides and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with prior stable suppression. However, episodes of low level viremia were more common in patients receiving monotherapy.
To determine whether testing for DNA of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) is superior to the Papanicolaou (Pap) test for cervical-cancer screening, we conducted a randomized trial comparing the two methods. Conclusions: As compared with Pap testing, HPV testing has greater sensitivity for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Sustained HCV clearance after IFN-based therapy reduces the risk of liver toxicity during antiretroviral
therapy, which should further encourage the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV-coinfected patients.
In this population, prescription of PIs or efavirenz decreases and use of dydeoxynucleoside analogues increases
the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Mathematical modeling supports the potential public health benefit of PrEP.
Approximately 2.7 to 3.2 million new HIV-1 infections could be averted in southern sub-Saharan Africa over
10 years by targeting PrEP (having 90% effectiveness) to those at highest behavioral risk and by preventing
sexual disinhibition. This benefit could be lost, however, by sexual disinhibition and by high PrEP discontinuation,
especially with lower PrEP effectiveness (≤50%).
The neglected tropical diseases are a group of 13 major disabling
conditions that are among the most common chronic infections in the world’s
poorest people. A blueprint for the control or elimination of the seven most
prevalent neglected tropical diseases — ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection,
schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, and onchocerciasis — has been established
by a group of private, public, and international organizations working together
with pharmaceutical partners and national ministries of health. Through the
newly established Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases, with updated guidelines
for drug administration issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), partnerships
are coordinating their activities in order to launch a more integrated assault
on these conditions. If new resources are made available, as recommended by the
Commission for Africa, a scaled-up approach to simple interventions could lead to
sustainable decreases in poverty in some of the world’s poorest countries. These
decreases would represent a major success story for the United Nations Millennium
Declaration.
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Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases 